Managing for nitrogen, the lesser of two evils. A response to Maes et al.

Oxygen or nitrogen: which is the lesser of two evils?

Ever since it was discovered in the 1770s, the risks and benefits of oxygen have been hotly debated (1). The article by Young, “Hyperoxia—A Review of Risk and Benefits,” the author addresses this important question: What is the optimal oxygen management strategy for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)? Surprisingly, after 60 years of clinical experience, there is still disagreement on the optimal part...

Lesser of Two Evils? Foraging Choices in Response to Threats of Predation and Parasitism

Predators have documented post-encounter (density-mediated) effects on prey but their pre-encounter impacts, including behavioural alterations, can be substantial as well. While it is increasingly evident that this "ecology of fear" is important to understand for natural enemy-victim relationships, fear responses of hosts to the threat of infection by a parasite are relatively unknown. We exami...

Costs in medicine – the lesser of two evils

Many aspire to drive a modern car with high engine power and modern equipment with all the new fancy tools rather than the average, small and poorly outfitted one. However, can we all afford it? The answer seems obvious, doesn't it?! We deeply acknowledge the thoughtful editorial by Prof. Mark Soloway [1] written in response to the article published in a recent edition of CEJU [2] and agree wit...

Public Participation: Methods Matter; A Response to Boaz et al.

a synchronic and diachronic approach to the change route of address terms in the two recent centuries of persian language

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...